Development Papers

Development Paper - November 2022

Chapter 1 Climate Change – Short Version

As the boom in industrialisation has taken place in the last few decades, the use of fossil fuel or hydrocarbon has also increased drastically. The fossil fuel consists of hydrogen, carbon and sulphur which, when burnt, produce water vapour, CO2 and CO, various kinds of sulphur oxides (SOx), and during the burning process with air it produces nitrogen oxides (NOx).

Development Paper - October 2022

GreenShip Quality Assurance and Control

The Spanish NA funded Intellectual Outputs 5 and 6 but did not support the fund requested for an external evaluator. To this end a novel means had to be put in place to ensure the ultimate goal of the project viz., recognition for GreenShip courses (IO7) by an internationally recognised professional body is achieved as planned. To realise such as important undertaking a decision was made early in the project implementation to monitor the quality of the project outputs by internal and external quality controls based on the total quality principles of one of the professional bodies chosen as a key quality circle partner to work with selected industrialists and academics to plan the external accreditation process. For this reason the internal and external quality control were integrated and carried out in conjunction with institutions of IMarEST1 and support from the IMechE2 as well as the members of the partners’ industrial and academic networks. With regard to accreditation issues and what were needed to be done and by when the Professional Affairs & Education Committee of IMarEST was consulted and the committee acted in effect as the project steering committee.

Development Paper - August 2022

GreenShip Training The Trainees (GreenShip TTT)

Full Course and Short Courses in ‘Shipboard Emission Management Training’

The purpose of this course is to develop an emission management job and training specification, and the development and implementation of an online leaning and assessment system for the new training programme so that current Cadets, as well as existing seafarers, can up-skill themselves to the new IMO regulatory requirements to fulfil;

Development Paper - July 2022

Plan to measure and evaluate the course and develop a cycle of continuous performance

Self and Tutor Assessment Sheet

Chapter 1 - IMO and EU efforts and rules/regulations

Development Paper - October 2021

International Maritime English Assessment Platform (IMEA)

Technical Approach and Degree of Innovation in Maritime English Assessment

This proposal builds on the core outcomes of several our EU-funded project including Erasmus + MariLANG which scored 91%. Most recent projects such as ACTS scored 91% and one of our projects which concern a novel ECVET assessment system, called Mentor, concluded in October 2021, was given an excellent rating with a score of 95%. All these achievements clearing showing our past performance is unrivalled. All our projects to date can be viewed at www.marifuture.org. As safety at sea is of crucial importance, it should not be put at risk by the random production and use of unreliable and invalid tests of Maritime English proficiency and that all decisions made in the process of test development and implementation should be based on solid testing principles.

Development Paper - August 2021

A short report from Chair of Air Quality People’s chamber, Professor Reza Ziarati to COP26 Working Group

Energy cannot be produced or destroyed but can be transformed from one form into another. Higher temperatures have negative effects and the higher CO2 emissions the higher the atmosphere’s temperature. We need to bring CO2 emissions to Zero if the global atmospheric temperature is to remain unchanged.

Development Paper - June 2021

Cyber Space

A wide range of hostile actors use cyber space to target the UK. They include foreign states, criminals, "hacktivist" groups and terrorists. The resources and capabilities of such actors vary. Foreign states are generally equipped to conduct the most damaging cyber espionage and computer network attacks. Hostile actors conducting cyber espionage can target the government, military, business and individuals. They use computer networks, for example, to steal large volumes of sensitive data undetected. This might include intellectual property, research and development projects, strategic data on a company's merger and acquisition plans, or any other information that the owner might want to protect.

Development Paper - April 2021

Mental Health Data Research Hub for Seafarers

The purpose of this paper is to report the outcome of an investigation carried by C4FF and is European partners into the mental health problems of seafarers focusing on identification of the problems which create or lead to mental health issues with a view to make life on board more pleasant. There have been several studies by C4FF reviewing seafarers’ difficult life on board ocean going vessels and looking at factors such as sleeping patterns which is known to impact on fatigue and stress in seafarers. Fatigue alone has led to many accidents and serious incidents at sea. Bullying is also a subject of interest which have often ignored but deserves a mention in the paper. The paper tries to respond to important questions such as; why should we study seafarers? Why is it important to study mental health? Why is it important to study the effects of bullying?

Development Paper - March 2021

IO3 - PoliUniBus Model of Engagement

This paper presents a conceptual model of how Policy Makers can collaborate with Businesses and academia to support national innovation ecosystem. The model is derived from a comparative study of various collaborations the UK and Europe wide that involved various combinations of public, private, and non-profit organisations pursuing a variety of service objectives. The study draws on the literature of interorganizational networks, management information systems, business-academia collaboration and organizational behaviour to devise a preliminary model of how such collaborations form and operate. The case study data are then compared to the preliminary model and a revised, more robust and dynamic model is presented which more closely fits the case experiences across various service types, project structures, and national settings.

Development Paper - February 2021

PoliUniBus

C4FF view of industry and academia relationship is well known and can be reviewed at http://www.c4ff.co.uk/history/papers/The_Chair_views.pdf. The view is based on the fact that we need to bring the two worlds of business and academia together. It has to be realised that the interests which business has in wishing to establish or improve links with academia are different from those of the academia, and may not always be compatible. The educationalists can aspire to be altruistic; business people can only afford to be altruistic when they have made more than enough money for the maintenance and development of their businesses. This is not a moral judgment – it is a pragmatic one. Academia needs the industry to support it in the development of its programmes so that they can identify and respond to the needs of industry and commerce. It needs industry to seek funds to progressively develop its laboratories, and it needs industry to develop its staff members. Industry needs academia to improve the quality of its employees, present and future; it needs academia for technological progress useful to business, and to better manage its business; it needs academia for the formation of its future customers, and so of the demands for its products and services (Ziarati, 2016). My Centre recently has developed a powerful university-business platform known as UniBus and recently helped to prepare a means of helping policy makers to become involved in setting up policies and strategies to make the two worlds to work together. A summary of the this latter project,, known as PoliUniBus is given at https://www.marifuture.org/Projects/Projects.aspx. My hope is that the Government will help us to use the UniBus platform and adapt the outputs from the PoliUniBus to encourage greater interactions between universities and business. The importance of PoliUniBus is not its Platform’s sophistication but its focus in promoting SMEs. SMEs do not have resources and are too busy making a living and keeping their heads above water. When we developed IMS, the Japanese adapted it wholesomely and when FoF was developed the EU set up a comprehensive system to adapt Europe wide and help us set up several centres throughout the EU. Our engine designs were bought by the US and many defence companies.

Development Paper - January 2021

What is bullying?

Bullying includes: ▪ Offensive, intimidating, malicious, or insulting behaviour ▪ Abuse of authority which violates the dignity of an individual or a group of people ▪ Creating a hostile environment against an individual ▪ The undermining, humiliation or injury of an individual The bullying does not need to relate to a protected characteristic (discussed below) but unless it does, or is of a sexual nature, it is not prohibited by the Equality Act 2010 (or, in Northern Ireland, under various pieces of equality legislation addressing a protected characteristic).

Development Paper - November 2020

Introduction - Part 1: Why a course for improving mental health of Seafarers and Part 2: Why the course has to also focus on facing bullying The purpose of this Literature Review is to examine the pre-existing research around the subject matter at hand. In addition to this, it is important to question; why should we study seafarers? Why is it important to study mental health? Why is it important to study the effects of bullying? By frequently asking ourselves these questions, allows us to keep our own research project on track and to study specifically, what it is that concerns or intrigues us about our chosen area of research. This literature review is also important to try and review or uncover any gaps in the existing research. We will have a much better idea of what these gaps in our research will look like, towards the latter part of our Literature review, where we will address these gaps and attempt to fill them with our own research. The Literature review will act as a reference point, somewhere the Lead-researcher of Prometheus (Victoria Finch-Jones - C4FF) can refer back to, to add validity and accuracy to the project.

Development Paper - October 2020

There are several international rules to govern international shipping, in this section will review the regulatory frameworks developed by IMO, that have to do with the impact shipping has on the environment and the subsequent climate change, in order to address this issue. There are two organizations that together develop regulatory frameworks. Those are the IMO and UNCLOS, that have to do with the regulations of international shipping and international law regarding sea respectively. The UNCLOS has a plethora of references to the protection of the environment. Some of the most important articles are about the State responsibility for protecting the environment.

Development Paper - September 2020

The rapid global industrialisation including the shipping industries in last few decades, has led to drastic increase in the use of fossil fuels which are primarily composed on Hydrocarbons. The fossil fuel consists of Hydrogen, Carbon and Sulphur which, when burnt, turned into water vapour, CO2 and CO, various kinds of Sulphur Oxides (SOx) and also during the burning process with air it produces Nitrogen Oxides (NOx). As shown in Figure 1 below, the atmospheric concentrations of important long-lived greenhouse gases over the last 2,000 years only saw minor changes until about 1750 when the first industrial revolution began. To this end, the rapid increase in the level of pollutants shown therefore can be attributed to the human activities in the industrial era. Concentration units are parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb), indicating the number of molecules of the greenhouse gas per million or billion air molecules, respectively, in an atmospheric sample.(Ziarati el al, 2018, MariEMS Project, the evolution of atmospheric concentration of a number of GHG emissions extracted from IPCC (2007a).

Development Paper - June 2020

This book has been compiled from the summaries of full chapters produced by the partners and contains the chapter summaries as well as a set of quizzes for each chapter. The book also contains a course manual for both a full 60hrs nominal course on ship energy efficiency for Engineering and Deck cadets as well as a shorter 3-day course for updating existing seafarers on aspects relating to ship energy efficiency. Both courses are ECVET compliant and complemented by a book consisting of 14 full learning chapters; the book of full chapters is a printed book and can be purchased from the MariEMS partners’ designated organisation(s). The cost of the book and the access to the online course and their learning material, quizzes and assignments are kept to a minimum and considered a necessity for updating the online system and the learning material and assessment elements. The assessment for up-dating the seafarers’ knowledge about the energy efficiency is to answer the quizzes however, for cadets, it is necessary that they will have at least two assignments and one End Test. The End Test could take the form of the quizzes but a confidence evaluation of their answers will take place. They will be asked to state if they are 100% confident about their answers, if so, full mark is given; if they are 75% confident then only half mark is allocated; for 50% confidence no mark is allocated and if they are only 25% or have no confidence in their answers then -0.5 or -1 mark is granted for each question. The system described was developed by C4FF and is known as RZ’s Confidence Assessment. This additional assessment will make sure that there are no guessing hence make multiple-choice type questions a valid means of knowledge assessment. A sample assignment for Cadets is provided in this Book but the institutions an develop their assignment in line with their course evaluation/accreditation guidelines. The seafarers are also encouraged to apply RZ Confidence Assessment when doing the quizzes.

Development Paper - May 2020

Using an optical sensing method where an infrared light emitting diode (IR LED) and a photosensor are optically arranged in the device. The photosensor detects the reflected IR LED light by dust particles in air. The SMART Dust Sensor can detect small particles, such as smoke, pollens, and common dust. It can also distinguish between small and large particles by the amplitude of the signal output. The strengths of both laser and infrared (IR) solutions needs assessment. For PM 2.5, a laser light emitting diode (laser LED) and a photosensor are optically arranged in the device. The photosensor detects the reflected laser LED light by dust particles in air, including particles sizes below PM2.5. The dust sensor can detect small particles, such as cigarette smoke, and distinguish small particles, such as smoke from large house dust, by the pulse pattern of the signal output.

Development Paper - April 2020

The European Credit system for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) is the European instrument (recommended in 2009) to promote mutual trust and mobility in vocational education and training. ECVET is a European system of accumulation and transfer of credits and has been designed to enable the recognition of the learning outcomes of an individual in a learning pathway to a qualification. The system favours the documentation, validation and recognition of achieved learning outcomes acquired, in particular in the framework of transnational mobility, in both formal Vocational Education and Training (VET) and in non‐ formal context. It is centred on the individual and based on the learning outcomes approach, defined in terms of knowledge, skills and competences necessary for achieving a qualification. This enable a more accurate design of training courses which answers to the training needs of employees. Some of the ECVET concepts and processes are already embedded in many qualifications systems across Europe such as ECTS (European Credit Transfer Scheme).

Development Paper - March 2020

MariEMS is an EU funded project primarily to make ships and ports energy efficient. This lecture is given in support of the project and the intention is to get as much feedback from you regarding i) the job specification(s) for the ship crew members who will be responsible for ensuring maximum use of the energy available on board and ii) in their proposed training programme for them. This project is initiated in support of the IMO’s TTT Course.

Development Paper - March 2020

Vocational education and training in the maritime field is regulated by the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). The Convention aims to provide universal regulations for maritime education, qualifications and watchkeeping – or at least set the minimum requirements. However, despite the STCW Convention, there are major differences between countries ‐ and VET institutions ‐ in the content and structure of maritime education and training (MET).

Development Paper - February 2020

The vocational education and training (iVET) in the maritime field is regulated by the International Maritime Organization’s IMO International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (iiSTCW). The Convention aims to provide universal regulations for maritime education, qualifications and watchkeeping – at least in reaching the minimum requirements. Despite of the international STCW Convention, there are major differences between different countries - and VET institutions - regarding the content and structure of maritime education and training (iiiMET). The fact that there is no universal system of MET has led not only to substantial discrepancies in learning outcomes at national and institutional levels but also to differing systems of certification for seafarers applied by individual member States of the ivIMO; the training in some States surpassing the STCW requirements and in others barely meeting the minimum standards; differing programmes of study (curricula) at MET institutions across the world; a lack of uniform systems of accreditation for study programmes within MET institutions and different types of competent bodies in charge of national MET and organizational structures between MET systems and national educational systems.

Development Paper - February 2020

It is accepted by that 90% of world trade happens by sea; as a result it is not surprising that in 2007 the global shipping industry is estimated to have emitted 1,046 million tonnes of CO2, 3.3 percent of global emissions, and in 2010 reached a total of 8.4 billion tonnes of goods loaded. The IMO's own International Shipping Facts and Figures report 2012 stated the number of propelled sea going vessels across the globe of at least 100 Gross Tonnage was 104,304, with cargo carrying vessels being 55,138. The EU 2050 objectives set some intermediate targets for Eco-Efficient Vessel Emission Reduction for key pollutants: CO2: >80% (-30% by 2020), NOx: 100% (-80% by 2020), SOx: 100% (-80% by 2020) and Noise Reduction: -3dB. A review of current research (Ziarati et al, 2018) clearly shows that the targets set for 2020 will not be achieved and the 2050 goals are also unlikely to be achieved. The industry clearly needs help.

Development Paper - January 2020

Air quality- transport for London reports: “Every child in London is breathing toxic air, mainly caused by road vehicles” (reference: Air quality - tfl.gov.uk). Daily Air quality index from Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) informs the public about the levels of air pollution and provide advice. The index of 1 to 10 indicates one for low and 10 for high pollution level.

Development Paper - December 2019

This report is specially written for the local authorities and residents with a hope that it would shed some lights on ways that can be adapted to improve the quality of air we breathe in, and to reduce the adverse impacts of poor air quality on our citizens’ health and well-being.

Development Paper - November 2019

This year Professor Ziarati chaired and organised the Midlands Engineering Dinner. C4FF has been hosting several meetings of the organising committee at its offices in Kenilworth.

Development Paper - October 2019

Like an office ashore, a ship is also equipped with some crew members with their ranks and role responsibility. Shipboard crews are an organised team of expertise like regimental forces who follows a chain of command in order to perform the vessel’s day to day operations safely, efficiently and eco-friendly.

Development Paper - August 2019

The purpose of this report is to study and analyse the C4FF proposed product (LeanShip) for identifying marketing opportunities by strategically analysing the product using existing frameworks. This report also helps in providing a commercialisation plan to take LeanShip into Europe and across the globe as well. Depending on the data collected and discussions with the members of organisation a strategic plan for marketing their product was developed.

Development Paper - August 2019

This is the 36th and last compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 36 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - July 2019

This is the 35th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 35 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - June 2019

This is the 34th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 34 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - May 2019

This is the 33rd compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 33 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - April 2019

This is the 32nd compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 32 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - March 2019

Cadets on sea service and young seafarers often do not manage stress as well as the more experience seafarers. It is for this reason that this training programme is devised for them. They face experiences that they have not face before and being away from home often for the first time can itself cause stress. Ships are designed for some 30 years and hence expecting all to provide some degree of comfort with access to online facilities is unrealistic. For this reason the main emphasis in this programme of training is how to identifying the main causes and counter their impact.

Development Paper - February 2019

This is the 30th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 30 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - January 2019

This is the 29th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 29 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - December 2018

This is the 28th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus+ MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 28 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - November 2018

This is the 27th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 27 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - October 2018

This is the 26h compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 26 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - July 2018

This is the 24th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 24 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - June 2018

This is the 23rd compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 23 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - May 2018

This is the 22nd compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 22 the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - April 2018

This is the 21th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 21 the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdeaPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - March 2018

This is the 20th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 19 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdealPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - February 2018

This is the 19th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 19 of the learning material. Readers are also advised to refer to the papers on IdealPort and IdealShip projects led by C4FF and published by MariFuture.

Development Paper - January 2018

This is the 18th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Course. The material is composed from Chapter 18 of the learning material.

Development Paper - December 2017

This is the 17th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material extracted from the IMO TTT Courser. The material is composed from Chapter 17 of the learning material.

Development Paper - November 2017

This is the 16th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapter 16 of the learning material.

Development Paper - October 2017

This is the 15th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapter 15 of the learning material.

Development Paper - September 2017

This is the 14th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapter 14 of the learning material.

Development Paper - August 2017

This is the 13th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapter 13 of the learning material.

Development Paper - July 2017

This is the 7th compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapter 12 of the learning material.

Development Paper - June 2017

MariEMS Learning Material – Hull and Propeller Condition
This is the sixth compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapter 11 of the learning material.

Development Paper - May 2017

MariEMS Learning Material - Engine Load Management
This is the fifth compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapter 10.

Development Paper - April 2017

This is the fourth compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapter 9.

Development Paper - March 2017

This is the third compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapter 8 represented here as Chapter 4.

Development Paper - February 2017

This is the third compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque.

Most ships are designed to carry a certain amount of cargo at a designated speed, consuming a certain amount of fuel under a specified trim condition. Loaded or ballast, trim has a significant influence on the resistance of the ship through water. Therefore, optimizing the trim can deliver significant savings. For any given draft and speed, there is a trim condition that gives minimum resistance. Therefore, the vessel optimum trim is a function of draft and speed. A ship’s optimum trim may be established as part of routine operations or through tank testing or use of computational methods. Nowadays, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods are extensively used to estimate optimal trim settings for energy efficiency. However, these may require information from ship model tests and /or full scale measurements. Operationally, design or safety factors may preclude the full use of trim optimization. The possibility of trimming a ship should be seen in relation to stability, manoeuvrability and other safety and operational aspects. It is the master or chief officer of the vessel that will ultimately ensure all situations are considered. To ensure best practice, the concern of masters with regard to loading and ballasting aspects needs to be taken into account.

Development Paper - January 2017

This the second compilation by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapters 2, 5 and 6 represented as Part 1, 2 and 3.

Development Paper - December 2016

Compiled by Professor Dr Reza Ziarati on the work of the EU funded Erasmus + MariEMS’ partners and material researched by Chief Engineer Mohammed Haque. The material is composed from Chapters 1, 3 and 4 represented as sections 1, 2 and 3 in the following article.

Development Paper - November 2016

The European Union has intorduced a new transport infrastructure policy that connects the continent between East and West, North and South. This policy aims to close the gaps between Member States' transport networks, remove bottlenecks that still hamper the smooth functioning of the internal market. Expert group on Maritime administrative simplification and electronic information services (of EC) are leading the drive to build the core network corridors, which represent the strategic heart of the trans-European transport network (TEN-T) and therefore deserve a concentrated amount of effort and attention for their financing, cooperation efficiency and quality. Within this subject improving maritime freight transport and logistics with more efficient use and reuse of digitalised information currently produced and stored by many different stakeholders. The main obstacles to the creation of a common information sharing environment in maritime are diverse users and operator communities, diverse legal frameworks, cross border threats, specific legal provisions. To this end, a project called IntelliMarPal is under preparation for EUREKA ITEA considerion which aims to develop an intermediary communication platform to increase the interoperability and data exchange between different users/systems in maritime domain (port level, multi-port level, regional, national, world-wide). The intention of this project is to optimise the exchange of information between the different user communities, building a non-hierarchical technical framework of maritime monitoring and surveillance systems, exchanging non-confidential information between civilian and military authorities, removing obstacles to the exchange of information imposed by specific legal provisions.

Development Paper - October 2016

This paper reports on an EU Erasmus+ funded project, known as MariEMS, that aimes to develop the role of the ship energy managers and a training programme for these managers. The project is expected to help regulate the navigational equipment and engine performance parameters for minimum fuel consumption and exhaust emissions by taking advantage of the wind and sea conditions ensuring also compliance with EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) without the risk of intentional reduction of speed. The primary experiments (Ziartai and Akdemir, 2015) have shown substantial fuel saving potential. The experiment allowed the study of key operating factors affecting the efficiency of ship operations to be invetigated and methodologies concerning navigation and engine control systems, for safe operations and efficient performance, to be optimised. In the experiments a set of high fidelity tools and processes (Autoset) for the accurate and efficient analysis of air and sea conditions were considered. The experiments included limited hydrodynamic analysis for ships’ operational performance in normal running condition as well as slow speed behaviour. The experimental work concerned the adaptation of multi-objective optimisation and integrated design environments for holistic operational performance and minimum powering requirement predictions; this is expected to ensure safe application of the design rules guaranteeing, at the same time, the right balance between economic efficiency, environmental performance and safety. The reason fo the experiments was a decision support system to provide navigation knowledge to regulate engine running conditions for minimum fuel consumption and lowest feasible CO2 emission. The experiments are on going and the overall system comprised a standalone platform (AutoSet) composed of all harware and software systems. The intention of this paper is to inlcude the outcome of the recent experiments in the role of new Energy Manager as part of the ongoing EU funded MariEMS project.

Development Paper - September 2016

Vocational education and training in the maritime field is regulated by the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). The Convention aims to provide universal regulations for maritime education, qualifications and watchkeeping – or at least set the minimum requirements. However, despite the STCW Convention, there are major differences between countries - and VET institutions - in the content and structure of maritime education and training (MET). Furthermore, since at the moment (January 2016) the STCW Convention doesn't require mandatory courses on marine environment pollution prevention, this document provides a course outline as an instrument to implement a course on environment awareness, taking into account all maritime environment legislation.

Development Paper - August 2016

The UK's Vocational Educational Sector developed independently of central (or devolved) government control. There is no central curriculum of standardised course requirements such as course length, course credit, course entry qualification etc. Without this centralised control the Vocational Education Sector has grown large and confusing to navigate for pupils, teachers and policy makers alike.

Development Paper - July 2016

The Development Paper for July 2016 is the description and details of MariePRO’s Maritime Environment Awareness Course which incorporates the IMO Model course by the Same title. The IMO Course has not been updated for many years and has a number of updates associated with it. The MariePRO partners have now brought all these updates together and after consulting key people in the industry and academia developed the revised course. The course offers two options, a 2-day programme as a refresher course for the seafarers who have gone through the IMO course and are familiar with most of the updates; and a 5-day programme for incorporation into cadet education and training programme. The following explains and describes both options is some details. It is pertinent to mention that both options are ECVET compliant and have gone through a Best Practice criteria developed by Centre for Factories of the Future (C4FF) as part of their EU funded IMPACT (www.maritimetraining.pro) Project which itself was awarded ‘Best Practice’ by the European Commission. The August 2016 Development Paper will describe the C4FF’s ‘Best Practice’ Criterial and evaluation methodology.

Development Paper - June 2016

The vocational education and training in the maritime field is regulated by the International Maritime Organization’s IMO International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW). The Convention aims to provide universal regulations for maritime education, qualifications and watchkeeping – at least in reaching the minimum requirements. Despite of the international STCW Convention, there are major differences between different countries - and VET institutions - regarding the content and structure of maritime education and training (MET). Furthermore, since at the moment (January 2016) the STCW Convention doesn't provide mandatory courses on marine environment pollution prevention, this document provides a course outline as an instrument to carry out a course on environment awareness, taking into account the whole maritime environment legislation.

Development Paper - May 2016

The European Credit system for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) is the new European instrument (recommended in 2009) to promote mutual trust and mobility in vocational education and training. ECVET is a European system of accumulation and transfer of credits and has been designed to enable the recognition of the learning outcomes of an individual in a learning pathway to a qualification. The system favours the documentation, validation and recognition of achieved learning outcomes acquired, in particular in the framework of transnational mobility, in both formal Vocational Education and Training (VET) and in non- formal context. It is centred on the individual and based on the learning outcomes approach, defined in terms of knowledge, skills and competences necessary for achieving a qualification. This enable a more accurate design of training courses which answers to the training needs of employees. Some of the ECVET concepts and processes are already embedded in many qualifications systems across Europe such as ECTS (European Credit Transfer Scheme).

Development Paper - April 2016

The MariePRO Project is reviewing a number of ECVET good practices in Maritime Education and Training (MET) programmes. To ensure to identify good practices a formal procedure has been established. Some ten quality criteria have been found for evaluation purposes.

Development Paper - March 2016

MarTEL Deck and Engineer Officer ‘Knowledge’ comprises of two knowledge-bases, namely, Navigation Knowledge (Nav-Know) and Marine Engineering Knowledge (Mar-Know). These are complemented by knowledge incorporated by the IMO auxiliary safety courses such as fire fighting as well as courses such as BRM, ERM and so forth. SeaTALK knowledge for Senior Officers extends to IMO MARPOL, SOLAS, ISPS codes and regulation contained in ILO directives as well as the IMO’s International Safety Management (ISM) Code 2020.

Development Paper - February 2016

The European Credit system for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET) is the new European instrument to promote mutual trust and mobility in vocational education and training. ECVET is a European system of accumulation and transfer of credits and has been designed to enable the recognition of the learning outcomes by an individual in a learning pathway to a qualification. The system favours the documentation, validation and recognition of achieved learning outcomes acquired, in particular in the framework of transnational mobility, in both formal Vocational Education and Training (VET) and in non- formal context. It is centred on the individual and based on the learning outcomes approach, defined in terms of knowledge, skills and competences necessary for achieving a qualification. This enable a more accurate design of training courses which answers to the training needs of employees. ECVET is based on concepts and process which are used in a systematic way to establish a user-friendly language for transparency, transfer and recognition of learning outcomes. Some of these concepts and processes are already embedded in many qualifications systems across Europe such as ECTS (European Credit Transfer Scheme).

Development Paper - January 2016

In a report produced by Coventry University (Sahayam, 2014) on C4FF’s (Maritime Division of the Centre for Factories of the Future) efforts in developing the next generation of lean ships (Ziarati and Akdemir, 2015) it was noted that there should be a variety of means to reduce fuel consumption and emissions of harmful pollutants. The following are extracts from C4FF and BAU (Bahcesehir University) internal reports as well as the report by Coventry University.

Development Paper - November 2015

It has been over 40 years since the 1972 International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea known as COLREGs were introduced, and regular amendments have been taking place ever since. Collision avoidance is believed, in a sense, to prevent groundings, the striking of fixed obstacles, as well as preventing ships colliding with other ships. Over the last half-century despite improvements in navigational aids such as ARPA and attempts to raise the standards of training through the various STCW conventions, collisions still occur. Many studies and accident reports indicate that the accidents are commonly caused by either human error or are associated with human error as a result of inappropriate human responses. Collisions commonly represent many of these accidents.

Development Paper - October 2015

The current scandal engulfing Volkswagen (VW) regarding the falsifying of data in order for diesel cars to pass American and European emissions tests brings to light decades of deception by the company and the collusion of the research and industry bodies who failed to question and hold VW and their claims to account.

Development Paper - September 2015

It is an acknowledged fact that Europe has an aging population and while Eurostat analysis shows the numbers of students graduating university with STEM qualification has remained stable across the EU in recent years (22.3% of all graduates in 2006 and 22.8% of graduates in 2012) this has not been sufficient to overcome expected shortfalls in industry in the medium to long term. The Eurostat analysis shows that in Germany for example in 2012 (arguably the leading country in terms of STEM graduates in the EU) despite nearly 30% of all graduates having a STEM qualification there was a shortage of 200,000 STEM graduates (mainly engineers) costing the economy 20 billion Euros a year. It is interesting to note that this trend is the same for the US with the added worry that the number of students who enter engineering programmes is actually projected to drop; a projection that many believe will have a negative impact on the U.S. workforce in the future (Christian D. Schunn, 2009).

Development Paper - August 2015

As part of a recent EU funded project known as MariePRO, the project partners have been reviewing the current provision for protecting the environment at sea, other than the current arrangements and requirements under the IMO’s MARPOL. The following is a short paper which identifies some important areas for future consideration by national, European and even IMO consideration.

Development Paper - July 2015

This is a short paper discussing the latest international efforts in making shipping more competitive. The challenges facing the industry are formidable and for some company particularly the smaller ones the future is bleaker than it has been in the last few years. The shipping companies are now expected to be leaner, more fuel efficient and have skills to seek finance as well as being au fait with latest trends in legislation. Logic dictates that a holistic approach is the safest bet. The approach requires applying well tested lean techniques in making the shipping operational more effective and efficient and at the same time find means of reducing fuel consumption and the resultant harmful emissions such as GHS and CO2 etc. and specifically particularly carcinogenic particulates.

Development Paper - June 2015

Considering that 90% of global trade is transported by sea and that 80% of accidents in the industry are attributed to human error it should be acknowledged that safe and efficient ship operations depend on the competencies of seafarers. One of these is the competency in maritime English.

Development Paper - May 2015

A review of recent publications (Lloyd’s Register, Life Matters, June 2012) and the IMO’s own reports (Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC), 64 session, Agenda item 4, 29th June 2012) and similar reports by learnt societies and classification societies and maritime organisations, for instance, German Lloyd Academy (GL, EEDI in practice, 2012) which give a clear view of the roadmap for reducing the marine engine emissions in particular in the near future. The whole of Central and North America coastal areas are now almost an ECA (Emission Control Area) and it is expected that coasts of Mexico, Alaska and the Great lakes, Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea, Australia, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Tokyo bay are currently considering becoming ECAs.

Development Paper - April 2015

2014 was devoted to safety as sea and Marifuture supported the development of several projects. Project ACTs (www.colregs.net) was initiated by C4FF in response to the EU policy for zero collisions and as part of the Marifuture drive to reduce collisions and grounding at sea with a view to examine the COLEREGS, IMO’s ‘rule of the road’, and to try to improve the application of these important rules. Two other projects, one to reduce stress on board ships (project SOS) and one to improve communication on board vessels (Project SeaTALK) were also initiated. All three projects were funded by the EU and are progressing well. 2015 has been designated the Marifuture year of energy efficiency.

Development Paper - March 2015

Lean Optimal addresses a critical barrier to manufacturing enterprises in all sectors including automotive, aerospace, shipping, and their value chains successfully meeting the challenges arising from ‘the uncertainties of continuously and rapidly-changing market conditions and increasingly shorter time-to-market requirements’. Meeting these challenges requires predicting and managing successfully the increasing levels of internal process, product, and supply and demand variability arising from these market factors.

Development Paper - February 2015

A review of recent publications (Lloyd’s Register, Life Matters, June 2012) and IMO’s own reports (Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC), 64 session, Agenda item 4, 29th June 2012) and similar reports by learnt society and classification society and maritime organisations, for instance, German Lloyd Academy (GL, EDDI in practice, 2012) give a clear view of the road map for reducing the marine engine emissions in particular in the near future.

Development Paper - January 2015

This month the MariFuture Development Paper focuses on key developments in Maritime English as reported in the IMLA 2014 Conference which took place in China in October 2014. The Conference was timely as it coincided with the IMO’s recent initiative to revise the existing Maritime English Model Course.

Development Paper - November 2014

This paper reports on the role of women in the shipping industry with specical references to the challenges facing the shipping industry as well as the need for innovation and empowering people in shipping companies to become more competitive.

Development Paper - October 2014

This paper reports on the development of EBDIG-WFSV curriculum and to establish the ground work to ensure its compliance with the requirements of the European Credit system for Vocational Education and Training framework (ECVET). It is also expected that the curriculum would also satisfy the requirements of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects’ Initial and/or Continuing Professional Development (RINA’s IPD/CPD).

Development Paper - August 2014

This paper will look at the Papers presented at IMEC 2014 in an attempt to promote renewed discussions and future collaborations for research and development to further improve the standards of Maritime English around the world.

Development Paper - July 2014

This month the MariFuture Development Paper focuses on key developments in Maritime English as reported in the IMLA-IMEC Conference which took place in Island of Treschelling in Holland during 6-11 July 2014. The Paper will also report on the progress of the IMO’s initiative to revise its 3.17 Model Course.

Development Paper - June 2014

The first EU funded EBDIG project was very successful. It established an on-line platform and a course for yacht designers of the future. More information is available in www.ebdig.eu. This project is the second EBDIG project aim at training the designer of future wind farm vessels.

Development Paper - May 2014

Since the earliest times, the sea has always been synonymous with insecurity for those who venture on to it. The maritime trade was mainly the preserve of adventurers. Seaborne transport developed in such a laissez-faire way that many accidents of which bold navigators were victims were soon accepted as part of the natural course of things. The infirmity of the human factor, in the face of the unlimited, inexhaustible and indefinable sea, confers on the effort of navigation the character of a bold venture, which may succeed and prove quite profitable, but which can also fail and cause irreparable losses. (Boission, History of safety at sea).

Development Paper - April 2014

The Maritime industry is responsible for almost 90% of the world trade employing over 1.2 million seafarers in almost one hundred thousand ships world-wide. A glimpse at a map of Europe shows us that we are a maritime continent in the centre of the world. The continent is surrounded by water almost on three sides. Our dependence is rapidly increasing on water transportation. The EU fleet is rapidly growing and EU ships are forming a major cornerstone of the world system of commerce. The increase in maritime transportation activities has led to a greater need for support services to serve and maintain the sectors involved, necessitating the need for more merchant navy officers of all types and ranks as well as marine and maritime business professionals together with marine scientists and technologists.

Development Paper - March 2014

MarTEL Deck and Engineer Officer ‘Knowledge’ comprises of two knowledge-bases, namely, Navigation Knowledge (Nav-Know) and Marine Engineering Knowledge (Mar-Know). These are complemented by knowledge incorporated by the IMO auxiliary safety courses such as fire fighting as well as courses such as BRM, ERM and so forth. For MarTEL Knowledge for Senior Officers extend to IMO MARPOL, SOLAS, ISPS codes and regulation contained in ILO directives as well as the IMO’s International Safety Management (ISM).

Development Paper - February 2014

As many of you are aware, I work for a company which creates technology (a Learning Management System - or LMS) to deliver training and assessment specific to the maritime industry. I write frequently about this type of technology and its application. However, the LMS is only part of the planning and deployment. The other critical component is the learning content itself - the lessons and the assessments that are delivered by the technology. This article continues the series of articles which collectively answer the question "how do we create or procure the best lessons and assessments for our officers and crew"?

Development Paper - January 2014

Unemployment is an issue that is affecting countries across the EU; in the three months to September 2013, unemployment in the UK stood at 2.487 million with youth unemployment totalling 965,000, 21%; in the same period and as of October 2013, unemployment in the Eurozone stood at 19.3 million, 12.1%, with youth unemployment totalling 3.58 million, 24.4% (Sources Parliament.uk, BBC News and The Guardian). Youth unemployment is far more severe in some of the Eurozone countries such as Greece and Spain; with youth unemployment exceeding 55% indicating the possibility of a lost generation. Many steps have taken by both the UK Government and the European Commission to try and help people back into work, these initiatives include the Youth Contract Scheme and the Back To Work Initiative in the UK and the Youth Opportunities Initiative and the Grand Coalition for Digital Jobs in the EU, (Source BBC News and Europa.eu).

Development Paper - December 2013

Turkey has a surplus of qualified seafarers. The 8th Transportation Specialised Commission Report - (maritime transportation sub-commission report) “Seafaring Supply” which lays out the 5 year development plan prepared by the Turkish State Planning Organization in 2001, points out that Turkey has great potential to “export” these Seafarers. The same report states that, although the Philippines lead the world in “exporting” their seafarers, Turkey has a similar level of potential and marine workforce as they do. Tapping into this market could provide as much income to Turkey as tourism but the subsequent commission report also indicates that there has not yet been an attempt or discussion about taking advantage of this potential. A further detailed study has to be prepared considering the facts of 2013/2014 and give updated recommendations for action in this area.

Development Paper - November 2013

Piri Ries University is a major centre for Maritime Education, Research and Innovation. It has the largest number of EU funded projects in Europe. Some of these programmes have sponsored students to study abroad and obtain degrees, higher degrees and ship officer qualifications recognised worldwide.

Development Paper - October 2013

Ships are the largest vehicles ever created by humans. Any failure in the propulsion, communication, command control or cargo handling systems may cause serious, even fatal accidents. Nowadays ship management systems are almost always fully automated and any automation failure may cause unacceptable accidents with damage to human life, the environment, the ship(s), port facilities and the goods being transported.

Development Paper - September 2013

Professor Ziarati initiated a discussion and commeted on other discussion topics related to Maritime Education and Training (MET) in LinkedIn and many people from the maritime community made valuable contributions. The contributions were considered valuable and on that basis a panal was formed by MarEdu (http://www.maredu.co.uk) to discuss the importance of raising MET standards and take into consideration contributions made by group members of the MET Network. The following is a report written as a development paper for publication in MariFuture Platform. A notice will be posted in the LinkedIn so that those who made contributions to the discussions on Maritime English as well as any new comment could be taken into consideration when developing the full paper for publication in a refereed conference or a maritime journal.

Development Paper - August 2013

Professor Ziarati initiated a discussion on Maritime English in LinkedIn and many people from the maritime community made valuable contributions. The contributions were considered valuable and on that basis a panal was formed by MarEdu (http://www.maredu.co.uk) to discuss the importance of Maritime English and take into consideration contributions made by group members of the MET Network. The following is a report written as a development paper for publication in MariFuture Platform. A notice will be posted in the LinkedIn so that those who made contributions to the discussions on Maritime English as well as any new comment could be taken into consideration when developing the full paper for publication in a refereed conference or a maritime journal.

Development Paper - July 2013

The development paper this month introduces the six paper abstracts submitted to IMEC 25 (International Maritime English Conference) and IMLA 21 (International Maritime Lecturer Association). The IMEC 25 will take place in September 2013 (http://imec25.pirireis.edu.tr/imec_25.html) at Piri Reis University premises in Istanbul, Turkey. IMLA 21 is set to take place in October 2013 in Canada (http://www.imla2013.com/). Full papers are expected to be accepted and published in the conference proceedings as well as in the Papers Section of the MariFuture Platform.

Development Paper - June 2013

Research is in fact a way forward; looking at what is already being done well and should therefore be further developed or supported; and what is being done not well enough, or badly, and therefore needs to be changed, stopped, or replaced by something new.

Development Paper - May 2013

European Union as developed an Integrated Maritime Policy which seeks to provide a more coherent approach to maritime issues, with increased coordination between different policy areas. It focuses on Issues that do not fall under a single sector-based policy and issues that require the coordination of different sectors and actors. The former issues are tackled by EC’s long-term strategy viz., ‘Blue Growth’, to support growth in the maritime sector as a whole. And the latter issues through initiatives such as Marine Knowledge 2020 which brings together marine data from different sources.

Development Paper - April 2013

Vocational training qualification and certification related to Maritime English, although partially regulated by IMO, does not enjoy a common ECVET framework and this situation does not allow National Certification Authorities to establish a level for Maritime English training undertaken abroad, nor for qualifications acquired through non-formal and informal training. To approach the problem or demand situation described, SeaTalk aims to develop Maritime English Training Modules and an ECVET based model for mutual recognition and transparency of learning outcomes and competences in the Maritime English in Europe.Vocational training qualification and certification related to Maritime English, although partially regulated by IMO, does not enjoy a common ECVET framework and this situation does not allow National Certification Authorities to establish a level for Maritime English training undertaken abroad, nor for qualifications acquired through non-formal and informal training. To approach the problem or demand situation described, SeaTalk aims to develop Maritime English Training Modules and an ECVET based model for mutual recognition and transparency of learning outcomes and competences in the Maritime English in Europe.

Development Paper - March 2013

March development paper consists of two parts. Part one refers to some of the serious deficiencies identified in Dr. Szozda’s paper publish as the MariFuture Development Paper in February 2013 and part two concerns the development of a new system, called UniMET, attempting to harmonise the Maritime Education and Training applying holistic approaches.

Development Paper - February 2013

February development paper presents the report of Dr. Zbigniew Szozda on his presentation on the UniMET Symposium titled “Going Beyond the Existing Standards in Maritime Education and Training” that took place on 22nd November 2012 in London.

Development Paper - January 2013

January development paper by Prof Reza Ziarati discusses the support of Marifuture platform to EU Integrated Maritime Policy.

Development Paper - December 2012

December development paper by Prof Reza Ziarati discusses the Design and development of AutoSet, a high fidelity integrated ship management system incorporating several tools and processes, using non-vendor and open access solutions, for accurate and efficient analysis of safety and performance sensitive hydrodynamic problems in complex and extreme sea operational conditions, taking into consideration intact stability performance and added resistance; and at the same time ensuring efficient propulsion and minimum emissions of pollutants.

Development Paper - November 2012

November development paper by Murray Goldberg discusses on which language should be used at sea. The latter development paper touches the problem from different perspectives.

Development Paper - October 2012

October development paper reports the interview conducted with Prof. Dr. Reza Ziarati on Surpass project developments.

Development Paper - September 2012

September development paper by Murray Goldberg discusses on which language should be used at sea. The latter development paper touches the problem from different perspectives.

Development Paper - August 2012

August development paper discusses the current situation on STCW Changes and delay in introducing the IMO Model Courses by IMO.

Development Paper - July 2012

July development paper introduces the two paper abstracts submitted to IMEC24 (International Maritime English Conference) for presentation at the Conference in October 2012 in Myanmar. The full papers are expected to be accepted and published in the conference proceedings.

Development Paper - June 2012

This event was part of the UniMET project and was initiated to promote the Project but more importantly to ensure the project’s exploitation and sustainability strategy could be implemented. In Turkey, UniMET needs a national maritime body, a key social partner and a major maritime university to ensure that the project would continue after the funding period in November 2012 in Turkey.

Development Paper - May 2012

This development paper introduces a criterion based quality management system for the design and delivery of academic and vocational programmes such as UniMET. UniMET is a project to harmonise the MET programmes in several European countries.

Development Paper - April 2012

This paper is written in support of the TUDEV’s proposal for the establishment of a major European centre of Maritime Excellence referred to as TMCE (Turkish Maritime Centre of Excellence). It outlines the current state of affairs with regards to MET practices and, gives the background to several factors affecting the quality of the provisions, and highlighting several deficiencies of the current systems.

Development Paper - March 2012

An EU-funded project aims to bring together maritime training standards to make life easier for trainers, employers and seafarers. Mike Gerber examines how it might help raise safety standards.

Development Paper - February 2012

A major project is under way to look into ways of improving the ‘employability’ of European seafarers by harmonising maritime education and training within the EU. MIKE GERBER reports on the progress made in the first year of the project.

Development Paper - January 2012

This development paper summarises the findings of a recent paper on UniMET (Ziarati et al, 2011) presented at IMLA 2011 Conference in Croatia in October 2011. UniMET project concerns the review of current Maritime Education and Training (MET) programmes in several countries with a view to identify the differences among them and the reasons for any differences noted and also to identify any good practices.

Development Paper - December 2011

This paper reports on the recent development by a consortium of well-known Maritime Education and Training (MET) institutions and several maritime research and development organisations to provide seafarers with an online guidance tool to enable them to have professional careers support.

Development Paper - November 2011

The Development for this month is selected from a recent paper presented at the IMLA conference in Croatia last month. The paper emphasis the importance of event simulation in developing programmes for Maritime English.

Development Paper - October 2011

The Development for this month is selected from a recent paper presented at the Bridge Conference in Rauma, Finland in June 2011. The paper expresses concerns about interpretation and sufficiency of the Collision Regulations (Colregs).

Development Paper - October 2011

A review of STCW codes and recent amendments to it will come into force in January 2012. A summary of the changes introduced in Manila in June 2010 are presented in the MariFuture (www.marifuture.org) Development Paper, in October 2011 Issue.

Development Paper - September 2011

This paper gives a background of TUDEV (Turkish Maritime Education Foundation), Istanbul and its contributions to the development of MET (Maritime Education and Training) programmes and practices and its role in brining other parties for international cooperation to achieve a common goal.

Development Paper - August 2011

This paper reports on the development of a short course programme design on automation in order to fill the knowledge and skills gap created as the result of emergence and application of the automation systems on board seagoing vessels.

Development Paper - July 2011

Following many studies, in coordination and cooperation with several European countries, the Chamber of Shipping initiated a detailed study to ascertain the need for establishing a maritime centre of excellence in Turkey in 2003. Some of the findings were included in Turkey’s contribution to the EU Green Book in 2007. The study entailed visits to several institutions in Norway, England, Scotland, USA and contacts were established with maritime institutions in Sweden, Finland, Poland, Slovenia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, China, Japan and several other countries.

Development Paper - June 2011

Management of the safety of the increasing automation onboard ships is a challenging task for ship officers. In this paper, the competency requirements and the training of deck and engine officers on this area is discussed. Ship officers must be able to operate the automation systems safely, not only in normal operational situations, but also in abnormal situations.

Development Paper - May 2011

There have been several research reports which have pointed out that while some countries are applying good practices there are those that need support. A study by (Torkel, 2004) reports that 25% of the world fleet was responsible for more that 50% of shipping accidents around the world. The study notes that the top 25% of the safest ships were involved in just 7% of all accidents.

Development Paper - April 2011

Papers are being for major maritime conferences by several MariFuture partners. All partners are encouraged to write papers for one or more of these conferences. If partners need support please contact us.

Development Paper - March 2011

MARTEC opens a trans-national call up to 29th April 2011 for collaborative research projects in different areas of maritime technologies. This call is initiated by partner institutions from eight European countries from the ERA-NET MARTEC consortium. Each country has own national maritime programmes and the financial support will be awarded by the national funding institutions for project duration of up to 36 months. Priority funding is for projects which include at least two independent industrial participants from two partner countries.

Development Paper - February 2011

This Paper is in two parts; Part 1 concerns the recent discussions between Professor Ziarati and the Commissioner, Maria Damanaki and Part 2 contains the call details for the Waterborne Topics in FP7 Transport Workprogramme 2012. Professor Ziarati is keen for MariFuture project teams to take full advantage of the opportunities within the FP7 and to prepare themselves for EU new initiatives as outlined by the Commissioner, Maria Damanaki.

Development Paper - January 2011

The 42nd session of the IMO Sub-Committee on Standards of Training and Watch-keeping (STW 42), held in London on 23 - 28 January 2011. There were several issues for consideration.

Development Paper - December 2010

The MarTEL Plus project complements and extends the recently concluded Leonardo da Vinci MarTEL project. The MarTEL project has been extremely well received and was invited to present their results at the 2010 IMO STW41 session. The MarTEL project created the first international Maritime English standards for Officers and Port Officials in the Merchant Navy in a response to the need for a set of international standards to be created in the 2006 IMO STW meeting. These standards have now been created and are expected to be implemented in Maritime Education and Training (MET) sectors across Europe shortly. At present there are no Maritime English standards other than those developed recently by MarTEL and MarTEL does not include standards of Maritime English for maritime workers and seafarers below the rank of Officer i.e. Ratings. In the 2010 IMO STW41 meeting, the training requirements for ratings were revised in line with new competence requirements for officers of watch for inclusion in the revised STCW-95 Convention and Code. Therefore using the standards already created for Officers in the MarTEL project, the MarTEL Plus project will create an additional standard for Maritime English at foundation level for Ratings (Phase R). This development discusses MarTEL Plus and Maritime English issues in more detail providing more details about the MarTEL Plus project.

Development Paper - November 2010

An opportunity has arisen to seek support from the EC through the Coordination and Support Actions (CSA) FP7 SST.2011.5.2.-1 (Strengthening the European maritime transport sector) for maintaining and further developing the MariFuture Platform. The intention is to build on the success of the MarEdu (www.maredu.co.uk) and FOF (Factories of the Future - www.c4ff.co.uk) models by identifying deficiencies and areas for development in the maritime transport sector and seek innovators from the maritime centres of excellence in Europe to form a consortium to address these needs. The formation of SOS, MarTEL, EGMDSS and E-GMDSSVET, SURPASS, M’aider, TRAINS 4Cs I and II, MarEng and MarEng Plus, MarTEL Plus, Sail Ahead, CAPTAINS and UniMET consortium and success so far clearly suggests the method applied works. This paper gives summary information about the objectives of a proposed project under the CSA FP 7 SST.2011.5.2.-1 for further development of the MariFuture.

Development Paper - October 2010

The revision of STCW in 2010 is as significant as the revision which took place in 1995. The revised STCW code will be challenging for national administrations and MET institutions to implement, but is expected to create opportunities for progressive MET institutions to take a lead in the development and transfer of innovation world-wide. The two major areas for improvement in MET programmes are stricter and tougher standards for Maritime English (MarTEL, 2007-09) and remedies to curb automation failures (SURPASS, 2009-11).